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Advisory Committee on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
The Supplement II to the Intermediary Report
1.4.2.2_7 |
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2) Case-control studies
Sukdolova et al. (2000) conducted a case-control study on the
hypothyroidism in Mohawk women over 30 years of age exposed to
PCBs. Most of PCB homologues showed lower serum levels in the
cases, but PCB156 and PCB118 were higher in the cases.
Statistical significance of these differences is, however, not
clear.
Langer et al. (2003) determined the levels of PCBs and other
organochlorine compounds in chemical plant employees and
residents in polluted areas around the plant in Slovakia to
study effects of those compounds on thyroid functions. The
thyroid gland volume, nodules and low-echo zones in the thyroid
gland, and anomalous levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
in serum as determined using anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO)
antigen and RIA were examined for a group from polluted
environment including 101 long-term employees of the plants and
residents near the plant (59 men and 42 women, 23-73 years of
age) and a control group consisting of 360 residents in areas
with less PCB exposure (180 men and 180 women, 21-74 years of
age). The serum levels of PCB, HCB, γ-HCH, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE
were determined by high-resolution chromatography. The exposed
group showed a serum PCB level (7300 ± 871 ng/g fat) far higher
than the control (2045 ± 147 ng/g fat). Positive correlations (P
< 0.001) were found between the levels of all organochlorines
and their total except for hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). The 23
cases (17 men, 6 women) showing the highest PCB levels
(10,000-58,677 ng/g fat) had the greatest thyroid gland volume;
the volume for the other 438 cases was 14.2 ± 0.29 ml. These
data suggest a threshold serum PCB level of about 10,000 ng/g
fat for influencing the thyroid gland volume. Two-way ANOVA
showed that the thyroid gland volumes in all the cases in the
exposed group are significantly greater than in the control
group (P < 0.001).
The frequencies of the low-echo zones and nodules in the thyroid
gland, anti-TOP antigen positives and anomalous TSH levels of
the exposed areas were significantly higher than in the control
area for men, but no difference was seen for women.
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