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Advisory Committee on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
The Supplement II to the Intermediary Report
1.4.2.2_5 |
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3. Pesticide spraying operators and farm workers
Testicular cancer of pesticide spraying operators and farm
workers was the subject of 7 epidemiological studies (4
prospective cohort studies and 3 case-control studies) published
up to Dec. 31, 2001. An ecological study on the topic was added
between Jan .1, 2001 and Oct. 31, 2004.
1) Cohort studies
Two prospective cohort studies each were conducted on two
populations. Wiklund et al. (1986) followed up pesticide
spraying operators in Sweden from 1965 to 1976, and found a
relative risk of 1.55 (95% CI = 0.02-2.45). The same group was
further followed up by Dich et al. (1996) until 1991, showing no
increase in SIR (SIR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.6801.67). Fleming et al.
(1999) found a significant increase of SIR in a U.S. cohort of
pesticide spraying operators (SIR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.57-3.72).
2) Case-control studies
Two population-based studies were published. For farm workers,
McDowall et al. (1984) report an OR of 1.89 (0.99-3.60) and
Sewell et al. (1986) of 0.56 (0.21-1.47). Mills et al. (1984)
found a significant risk increase (OR = 6.27) in a
hospital-based study. These papers provide no detailed study on
the causes of cancers in farming professionals.
3) Ecological study
Koifman et al. (2002) found no correlation between the pesticide
sales in 1985 and the death rate by testicular tumor in 1996-98
in 11 provinces in Brazil (r=0.53, 95% CI = -0.39-0.75).
4. Other substances
Apart from organochlorine compounds, Ohlason et al. (2000)
observed a significant risk increase in a group exposed to PVC
in a population-based study in Sweden. Ethylhexyl phthalate, the
plasticizer in the plastic, was thought to be the cause, but no
detail about exposure was given.
Schreinemacher et al. (1999) calculated the SRR in four rural
areas in Minnesota, where more herbicides were used than in
urban and forest areas, and found no risk increase (SSR = 1.54).
The cause substance was not identified.
No report mentioned effects of alkylphenols or bisphenol A.
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