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Advisory Committee on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
The Supplement II to the Intermediary Report
1.4.2.2_4 |
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[Results]
1. Organochlorine compounds
Organochlorine compounds were studied in relation to prostatic
cancer in only two papers concerning chlorophenoxy herbicides
until Dec. 31, 2000; eight reports were added between Jan. 1,
2001 and Dec. 31, 2004 (including overlapped subjects).
1) Cohort studies
A retrospective study of a cohort comprising 18.000 subjects in
10 countries by Saracci et al. (1991) did not find significant
increase of SMR in a population exposed to chlorophenoxy
herbicides (e.g. 2,4-T) (SMR = 111, 95% CI = 75-158).
McLennan et al. (2002) performed a retrospective cohort study on
2045 employees of atrazine and triazine production plants, and
observed a significant increase of SIR (SIR = 300, 95% CI =
110-652).
A cohort study involving 55,322 pesticide spraying operators in
North Carolina and Iowa, conducted by Alavanja et al. (2003) in
the Agricultural Health Study, did not show significant increase
of SIR due to exposure to organochlorine compounds including
atrazine.
Rusiecki et al. (2004) studied 55,942 pesticide spraying
operators in the same program, and found no significant SIR
increase by atrazine exposure.
2) Nested case-control studies
Charles et al. (2003) performed a nested case-control study on
employees of five U.S. electric companies; no risk increase due
to PCB exposure (³
2128 h) was observed (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.97-2.24).
In a nested case-control study on agricultural labor union
members in California, Mills et al. (2003) found risk increase
in groups exposed to heptachlor (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.22-4.61)
and lindane (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.12-3.60), along with
dose-response relationships. Other organochlorine compounds did
not show significant increase of OR.
Hessel et al. (2004) studied a cohort in an atrazine production
plant in Louisiana, and observed no OR increase for subjects who
underwent PSA test at least once.
3) Case-control studies
Settimi et al. (2001) conducted a hospital-base study in five
rural areas in Italy. Increase of OR was observed for groups
exposed to organochlorine pesticides (OR = 2.5, 95% CI =
1.4-4.2), DDT (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4-4.2） and dicofol plus
tetradifon (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2-3.8).
A hospital-based study by Ritchie et al. (2003) in Iowa did not
show OR increase due to exposure to organochlorine compounds
including PCB and DDE.
4) Synchronic studies (including ecological studies)
An ecological study by Schreinemacher et al. (1999) showed a
significant increase of SRR in areas with greater acreage of
wheat treated with chlorophenoxy herbicides (SRR = 1.24, 95% CI
= 1.14-1.36).
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