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Advisory Committee on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
The Supplement II to the Intermediary Report
1.4.2.2_3 |
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3) Synchronic studies (incl. ecological studies)
Four papers reported synchronic studies. Schreinemacher et al.
(1999) calculated SSR for four agricultural regions, where more
herbicide is used than in urban or forestry areas, in Minnesota.
No increase in risk was found. Schreinemacher et al. (2000)
calculated, in an ecological study, SSR for different acreages
of wheat treated with chlorophenoxy herbicides in 152 counties
in three U.S. states, and found no risk increase. Hopenhayn-Rich
et al. (2002) calculated OR for different atrazine exposure
levels calculated from corn acreage and atrazine sales, and
found a significant decrease in risk in high exposure areas in
120 counties in Kentucky. Koifman et al. (2002) reported a
significant correlation (r = 0.71) between the pesticide sales
in 1980s and ovarian cancer mortality in 1990s in 11 Brazilian
provinces.
2. Diethylstilbestrol
Three cohort studies in the U.S. were found on the relationship
of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and ovarian cancer. Hoover et al.
(1977) studied retrospectively in a hospital 21 women to whom
premarin (a binding estrogen) and DES were administered
concomitantly and found a significant risk increase (SIR = 30).
However the relevant cases were only three. Bibbo et al. (1978)
followed up 2162 women to whom DES had been administered between
1951 and 1952 up to 1976-77 in an RCT design. The incidence
rates for the exposed and unexposed groups were 0.6% and 0.2%,
respectively, but the difference was not significant
statistically. Titus-Ernstoff et al. (2001) followed up 7560
subjects belonging to two cohorts in 1950s and 1980s until 1994,
and found no increase in death ratio (RR = 1.27). Blatt et al.
(2003) presented a case report for a woman diagnosed as ovarian
small cell cancer. The mother of the subject was conceived
during her grandmother's DES therapy. This case exemplifies the
intergenerational exposure to DES.
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