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Advisory Committee on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
The Supplement II to the Intermediary Report
1.4.2.2_1 |
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4) Synchronic studies
Four papers considered to be synchronic studies were published
up to Dec. 31, 2000; further 2 papers were added between Jan. 1,
2001 and Oct. 31, 2004. Mussalo-Rauhamaa et al. (1990) found a
significant risk increase by HCH. Falck et al. (1992) observed
significantly higher levels of DDE and PCB118 in the fat tissue
(p = 0.07), and Guttes et al. (1998) of DDE and PCB118 in the
mammary gland tissue, in respective patients. Lucena et al.
(2001) reported a significantly higher PCB28 level in the
mammary tissue of their patients. Ahmed et al. (2002) found the
serum DDE level of healthy subjects significantly lower (p =
0.03) than in patients of breast cancer or benign breast
diseases.
5) Ecological studies
Three ecological studies were published up to Dec. 31, 2000, to
which further 3 papers were added between Jan. 1, 2001 and Oct.
31, 2004. Grimalt et al. (1994) calculated the SIR for residents
around an organochlorine compound plant (SIR = 1.3) but found no
significant increase in cancer risk. Kettles et al. (1997)
determined OR for different exposure levels to triazine,
calculated from pesticide use, in 120 counties in Kentucky, and
found significant increase in risk in more highly exposed areas.
In contrast, Hopenhayn-Rich et al. (2002) found no significant
correlation between the incidence of breast cancer and atrazine
exposure level, calculated from the concentration in tap water,
corn acreage and atrazine sales, in 120 counties in Kentucky.
Schreinemacher et al. (2000) studied the SSR calculated for
different acreages of wheat treated with chlorophenoxy
herbicides in 152 counties in three U.S. states, and found no
risk increase. Janssens et al. (2001) observed a correlation of
the mortalities by breast cancer with potato acreage and the use
of defoliating agents. Koifman et al. (2002) reported a
significant correlation between the pesticide sales and breast
cancer mortality for 40 to 69-year old women in 11 Brazilian
provinces.
2. Diethylstilbestrol
Five cohort studies on the correlation of diethylstilbestrol
(DES) and breast cancer were reported up to Dec. 31, 2000, to
which another report was added between Jan. 1, 2001 and Oc. 31,
2004. Bibbo et al. (1978) followed up 2162 women to whom DES had
been administered between 1951 and 1952 up to 1976-77 in an RCT
design, and observed no significant increase in incidence rate.
Brian et al. (1980) followed up retrospectively 408 women to
whom DES was administered at Mayo Clinic and again found no
increase in incidence rate. In contrast, Colton et al. (1993)
compared 3029 mothers who received DES in 1940-1960 with the
same number of unexposed mothers in 1989, and found a
significant difference of incidence rate (RR = 1.29). Calle et
al. (1996) also found a significant increase in mortality (RR =
1.34) in a prospective follow-up of about 500 thousands of
pregnant women for 1982-1991, as Titus-Ernstoff et al. (2001)
did (RR = 1.27) for 7560 subjects belonging to two cohorts in
1950s and 1980s, respectively, in a prospective follow-up to
1994. Palmer et al. (2002) did not found any significant
increase in incidence (RR = 1.4) in a follow-up of 6916 people
in three cohorts for an average of 19 years.
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