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Last updated date: March 30, 2015
 

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Advisory Committee on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
The Supplement II to the Intermediary Report
1.4.2.2_8

 

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[Effects on organ formation]
2.8 Hypospadias

[Summary]
Literature survey concerning epidemiology of endocrine disruptors and hypospadias was performed. Searching the PubMed database retrieved 5 reports published up to Dec. 31, 2000, consisting of 1 cohort study and 4 case-control studies. Since Jan. 1, 2001, a cohort study and 2 case-control studies were published. No Japanese subject was studied in these papers. One of the cohort studies reported a risk increase due to DES exposure in utero. A nested case-control study on biological samples found no significant correlation with the malformation with 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p’-DDE) in mother's serum. Hypospadias is thus scarcely studied in relation to organochlorine compounds and need more detailed studies.

[Purpose]
Hypospadias is one of relatively frequently observed malformations. Since testosterone from fetal testicles is instrumental in urethra formation, exposure of the fetus to endo- and exogenous estrogens represents a risk. Literature was reviewed to find epidemiologic studies involving organochlorine compounds or other substances relevant to this subject.

[Method]
The PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi) provided by National Library of Medicine was searched with a strategy "hypospadias AND (insecticides OR pesticides OR chlorinated hydrocarbons OR pesticides OR chlorinated hydrocarbons OR pcbs OR bisphenol OR phenol OR phthalate OR styrene OR furan OR organotin OR diethylstilbestrol OR ethinyl estradiol) AND (human)" for a period up to Oct. 31, 2004. From among the citations retrieved, original papers reporting epidemiologic studies on human populations were selected, and, as necessary, other articles cited in these papers or reviews were added.
 

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