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[Effects on organ formation]
- A recent cohort study from Holland reports association of
prenatal DES exposure with hypospadias, without, however, being
supported by other studies. It is not possible to draw
definitive conclusion.
- A recent nested case-control study denies association of the
DDE level in maternal serum with hypospadias or cryptorchidism
in the infant, without, however, being supported by other
studies. It is not possible to draw definitive conclusion.
- A recent cohort study reports that the cord blood PCB level is
not associated with cryptorchidism, without, however, being
supported by other studies. It is not possible to draw
definitive conclusion.
- Epidemiologic studies on association of organ formation with
other chemical substances are few and do not permit to draw
definitive conclusion.
[Effects on infantile nerve development]
- Many follow-up studies of cohorts report inverse correlations
between prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and
infantile nerve development. However, effects of other factors
are not always considered properly, and measures of exposure
and/or nerve development and observation periods are not
uniform. It is not possible to draw definitive conclusion.
- The only cohort study in Asia is a yusho follow-up in Taiwan.
No Japanese subject has been studied.
[Effects on fertility]
- Reduced sperm count has been associated with high level
exposure to chemical agents by increasingly numerous reports,
but possibility of testicular toxicity cannot be excluded: it is
not possible to attribute the disorder only to endocrine
disruption. Studies on general populations remain few.
- Epidemiologic studies on endometriosis are few, and
inconsistent results do not provide grounds for definitive
conclusion.
[Effects on immune system]
- As for effects of PCB exposure on allergy risk, some report
risk of adults increased by high-level exposure, while others
conclude that prenatal exposure to background-level reduces
risk. This discrepancy permits no definitive conclusion.
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