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Advisory Committee on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
The Supplement II to the Intermediary Report
1.4.2.2_13 |
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[Results]
1. PCBs and dioxins
1) Cohort studies
Weisglas-Kuperus et al. (2000) conducted a follow-up study on
PCB and dioxin exposure in Holland involving 207 healthy
Caucasian mother-infant pairs registered in Rotterdam in the
period of June 1990-February 1992. PCB exposure was defined as
the sum of PCB-118, 138, 153 and 180 in maternal blood, cord
blood, breast milk and in the infant at 42 months of age. Also
levels of 17 dioxins in breast milk were measured. Actual
analysis covered 193 pairs. Prenatal PCB exposure was associated
with less shortness of breath with wheeze (OR = 0.44, P = 0.05
for ΣPCB in maternal blood). Current PCB body burden was
associated with a higher prevalence of recurrent middle-ear
infections (OR = 3.06, P = 0.02 for ΣPCB in infant's blood) and
of chicken pox (OR = 7.63, P = 0.03 for PCB in infant's blood),
and a lower prevalence of asthma/bronchitis (OR = 0.01, P = 0.01
for ΣPCB in infant's blood). Breast milk TEQ of mono-ortho and
planer PCBs was associated with a higher prevalence of recurrent
middle-ear infections (OR = 1.17, P=0.01 for mono-ortho PCB TEQ;
OR = 1.10, p=0.04 for planer PCB TEQ), and a higher dioxin TEQ
with a higher prevalence of coughing, chest congestion, and
phlegm (OR = 1.06, P = 0.04). Thus PCB exposure increases
prevalence of infections, which may prevent development of
allergy.
In the follow-up continued to schooling age (Weisglas-Kuperus et
al., 2004) covering 167 pairs, perinatal PCB exposure was
associated with lower prevalence of chicken pox between 3 and 7
years of age (OR = 0.53, P = 0.03 for breast milk ΣPCB; OR =
0.04, P = 0.02 for cord blood ΣPCB) and less shortness of breath
with wheeze (OR = 0.59, P = 0.04 for maternal blood ΣPCB).
Postnatal PCB exposure was related to recurrent middle-year
infections (OR = 1.10, P = 0.04 for breast milk ΣPCB in
lactating period). No consequent association with infections was
recognized here (less chicken pox and more middle-year
infections). It was now suggested that background PCB exposure
affects the immune system.
Tusscher et al. (2003) evaluated effects on blood and immune
system in a cohort consisting of 35 healthy Caucasian
mother-infant pairs from Holland. Dioxin exposure was measured
by the TEQ of dioxins except dioxin-like PCBs in breast milk,
which was doubled to define the total dioxin TEQ. Perinatal
exposure was defined as the initial dioxin TEQ in breast milk,
and postnatal exposure was estimated by taking exposure during
the lactating period into account.
Analysis of 27 pairs showed that perinatal dioxin exposure was
related to lower incidence of allergic diseases (P = 0.023), as
postnatal exposure was (P = 0.03).
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