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Advisory Committee on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
The Supplement II to the Intermediary Report
1.4.2.2_11 |
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5. Other organic solvents
Kurinczuk and Clarke (2001) conducted a nested case-control
study on male infertility outpatients in England. The subjects
were divided into leather industry workers who handle large
amounts of organic solvents and workers in other industries, the
latter further subdivided into those who use organic solvents
and those who do not. Sperm parameters and ratio of abnormal
findings on semen were compared for the three groups. The ratio
of abnormality was 1.10 times higher for the leather workers and
1.73 times higher for those who handle organic solvents. Sperm
parameters and prevalence rate of oligospermia or asthenospermia
were not significantly different between the groups. Wang et al.
(2000) conducted a synchronic study in an area in southeast
China near Yangzi River on effects of chemical agents of
petrochemical origin and smoking on sperm quality for an exposed
group (petrochemical industry workers) and unexposed group
(textile workers). The plant processes and environmental
monitoring data indicated exposure of the petrochemical workers
to gasoline, styrene, benzene, toluene, xylene, acetic acid,
acetoaldehyde, etc. at low levels. The exposed/nonsmoking group
showed significantly lower sperm motility, and the
exposed/smoking group significantly lower sperm concentration,
sperm count and sperm motility. Sperm count was inversely
correlated with exposure and smoking time span.
6. Miscellaneous
Leary et al. (1984) conducted a cohort study on the incidence of
reproductive disorders of men prenatally exposed to DES as
indicated in Mayo Clinic medical records. Sperm check did not
show significant correlation between the exposed and unexposed
groups in sperm count, other sperm parameters, or other genital
problems (physical disorder or malformation of genital organs).
Selevan et al. (2000) investigated fertility of 18 year-old
Czech men living at least for six months in a highly
industrialized area with air pollution varying with seasons on
the one hand, and in an area with relative clean air on the
other. Sperm concentration did not show significant difference
between the two areas, but deterioration of sperm morphology and
motility was observed for subjects who had long lived in the
polluted area.
A synchronic study in the U.S. on healthy men without any
symptom of infertility (Fenster, 2003) stratified the subjects
into three groups according to exposure level to trihalomethanes
(total trihalomethane concentration in tap water multiplied by
water intake). The group of the highest exposure showed a
significantly lower ratio of normal sperm morphology. Among
trihalomethanes, bromodichloromethane showed an inverse
correlation with linear motility of sperm.
Younglai et al. (2002) analyzed for pollutants follicular fluid,
serum and sperm plasma obtained from couples who underwent in
vitro fertilization in Canada, and identified p,p'-DDE, mirex,
hexachlorethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, PCB-49, PCB-153,
PCB-180, cadmium, and endosulfan I. Mirex was the most often
encountered pollutant in seminal plasma samples but was not
associated with fertilization rate. Association with semen was
not studied.
Wang (2003) conducted a case-control study on infertile and
fertile (husbands of pregnant women) men in Holland. Regression
analysis on responses to an inquiry, containing questions on
occupation, living environment, life style, diet, disease
history, and information on reproduction in the family,
identified as sperm decrease risk factors occupations related to
agriculture and welding, antibiotics use, mumps, stomach or
intestine diseases, insufficient intake of vegetables and
fruits, and female genital diseases.
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